The disease reached the European Union (EU) in 2014, first affecting Poland and the Baltic states (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) (15, 23, 25, 29, 31). The first affected country was Georgia and later the disease spread to neighbouring countries in the Caucasus region and the Russian Federation. The current worldwide epidemic of ASF started in 2007. Genotype II circulates in Europe, Asia and on the island of Haiti, and is a major threat to the global pig industry ( 31). Genotype I caused the first wave of the epidemic in Europe (which started in 1957 in Portugal) and remains prevalent on Sardinia (Italy) ( 15, 19). All of them are present and endemic in Africa ( 15) however, two of them – genotypes I and II – are also present on other continents. There are 24 different genotypes of the ASF virus (ASFV) described ( 31). African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal haemorrhagic disease of Suidae, which has been present in Poland since 2014 ( 29).
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